四級商務英語經濟金融術語漢英對照表
M
買方市場 buyer's market
賣方市場 seller's market
賣出回購證券 matched sale of repo
貿易差額 trade balance
民間信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二減三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明補 explicit subsidy
明虧 explicit loss
名牌產品 brand products
母國（請見“東道國”） home country
N
內部控制 internal control
內部審計 internal audit
內地與香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
內債 domestic debt
扭虧為盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
農副產品采購支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
農村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效應 bubble effect
泡沫經濟 bubble economy
培育新的經濟增長點 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡發展 balanced development
瓶頸制約 bottleneck（constraints）
平穩回升 steady recovery
鋪底流動資金 initial（start-up）working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套人民幣資金 local currency funding of…
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 G
G
改革試點 reform experimentation
杠桿率 leverage ratio
杠桿收購 leveraged buyout
高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest
個人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭轉 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公開市場操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事業 public utilities
公有經濟 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工業成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio
工業增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓勵措施 incentives
股份合作企業 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企業 joint-equity enterprises
股份制銀行 joint-equity banks
固定資產貸款 fixed asset loans
關稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption
關稅減讓 tariff concessions
關稅優惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
規范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
規模效益 economies of scale
國計民生 national interest and people's livelihood
國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
國家風險 country risk
國際分工 international division of labor
國際收支 balance of payments
國有獨資商業銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
國有經濟（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector
國有企業 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）
國有制 state-ownership
國有資產流失 erosion of state assets
國債回購 government securities repurchase
國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities
過度競爭 excessive competition
過度膨脹 excessive expansion
過熱跡象 signs of overheating
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 H
H
合理預期 rational expectation
核心資本 core capital
合資企業 joint-venture enterprises
紅利 dividend
宏觀經濟運營良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏觀經濟基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏觀調控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏觀調控目標 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
壞賬 bad debt
還本付息 debt service
換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
匯兌在途 funds in float
匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
匯率失調 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership
貨幣政策態勢 monetary policy stance
貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 J
J
基本建設投資 investment in infrastructure
基本經濟要素 economic fundamentals
基本適度 broadly appropriate
基準利率 benchmark interest rate
機關團體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
機會成本 opportunity cost
激勵機制 incentive mechanism
積壓嚴重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
擠提存款 run on banks
擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投資 investment in technological upgrading
技術密集型產品 technology-intensive product
計劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status
計劃經濟 planned economy
集體經濟 the collective sector
加大結構調整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工貿易 processing trade
加快態勢 accelerating trend
加強稅收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加權價 weighted average price
價格放開 price liberalization
價格形成機制 pricing mechanism
減虧 to reduce losses
簡化手續 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活躍 brisk trading
繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves
結構扭曲 structural distortion
結構失調 structural imbalance
結構性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
結構優化 structural improvement（optimization）
結匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融動蕩 financial turbulence
金融風波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危機 financial crisis
金融壓抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融詐騙 financial fraud
緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy
緊縮政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies
經常賬戶可兌換 current account convertibility
經濟特區 special economic zones（SEZs）
經濟體制改革 economic reform
經濟增長方式的轉變 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
經濟增長減速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
經濟制裁 economic sanction
經營自主權 autonomy in management
景氣回升 recovery in business activity
境外投資 overseas investment
競爭加劇 intensifying competition
局部性金融風波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 Q-R
Q
企業辦社會 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企業集團戰略 corporate group strategy
企業兼并重組 company merger and restructuring
企業領導班子 enterprise management
企業所得稅 enterprise（corporate）income tax
企業效益 corporate profitability
企業資金違規流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠稅 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
強化稅收征管 to strengthen tax administration
強制措施 enforcement action
翹尾因素 carryover effect
切一刀 partial application
清理收回貸款 clean up and recover loans
（破產）清算 liquidation
傾斜政策 preferential policy
區別對待 differential treatment
趨勢加強 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
權益回報率 returns on equity（ROE）
缺乏后勁 unsustainable momentum
R
繞規模貸款 to circumvent credit ceiling
人均國內生產總值 per capita GDP
人均收入 per capita income
人民幣升值壓力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）
認繳資本 subscribed capital
軟貸款 soft loans
軟預算約束 soft budget constraint
軟著陸 soft landing
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 K-L
K
開辦人民幣業務 to engage in RMB business
可維持（可持續）經濟增長 sustainable economic growth
可變成本 variable cost
可自由兌換貨幣 freely convertible currency
控制現金投放 control currency issuance
扣除物價因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
庫存產品 inventory
跨國銀行業務 cross-border banking
跨年度采購 cross-year procurement
會計準則 accounting standard
L
來料加工 processing of imported materials for export
離岸銀行業務 off-shore banking（business）
理順外貿體制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠桿的調節作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利潤驅動 profit-driven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
聯行清算 inter-bank settlement
連鎖企業 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses
良性循環 virtuous cycle
兩極分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution
零售物價指數 retail price index（RPI）
流動性比例 liquidity ratio
流動資產周轉率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流動資金貸款 working capital loans
流通體制 distribution system
流通網絡 distribution network
留購（租賃期滿時承租人可購買租賃物） hire purchase
壟斷行業 monopolized industry（sector）
亂集資 irregular（illegal）fund raising
亂收費 irregular（illegal）charges
亂攤派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies
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