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英語四級語法的基礎知識

時間:2021-02-26 20:57:12 英語四級 我要投稿

英語四級語法的基礎知識

  一、Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)

英語四級語法的基礎知識

  1.時態

  1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成):動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束。

  I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

  I’ve been sitting in the garden.

  2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成):過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作。

  I’d been working for some time when he called.

  We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

  3)將來完成進行時:將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作。

  By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

  In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

  4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成):將來某時已發生的事。

  I shall have finished this one before lunch.

  They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

  2.語態

  可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

  He was said to be jealous of her success.

  It was said that he was jealous of her success.

  能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。

  It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

  The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

  擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的.意義,例如:

  Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

  二、雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

  1.雙賓語結構的被動語態:

  雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語。

  He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

  Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

  2.賓補結構的被動語態:

  She was called Big Sister by everybody.

  Then he was made a squad leader.

  He was considered quite qualified for the job.

  The room was always kept clean and tidy.

  三、短語動詞:

  1.Vi + adv

  The plane took off two hours late.

  2.Vi + prep

  They looked round the Cathedral.

  3.Vi + prep (有被動語態)

  She’s looking after her sister’s children.

  The children were always well looked after.

  4.Vi + adv + prep

  I began to look forward to their visits.

  5.Vt + O + adv

  Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

  The children were brought up by their mother.

  They took him on.

  6.Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)

  I am trying to give up smoking.

  7.Vt + O + prep

  We talked Donald into agreement.

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